Asahi Linux
我长期使用 Linux 桌面环境的用户而言，且工作学习和 Linux 关联性很强的用户，Mac 几乎没有任何价值。
因为 Apple 没有对应的硬件手册，全靠社区逆向，内核为了支持 Apple ，不得不增加一些窒息的代码 例如为了 Mac 的 nvme 驱动 drivers/nvme/host/apple.c
总体来说，Asahi Linux 的硬件很特殊，使用过程中，我从中学到了很多 Linux 知识。
被修理掉的问题
ftrace 不能使用
perf 功能无法正常支持
🤒 sudo perf record -a -- sleep 10
Error:
cycles:P: PMU Hardware doesn't support sampling/overflow-interrupts. Try 'perf stat'
执行 perf stat 的结果为:
🧀 sudo perf stat
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
3,341,600.92 msec cpu-clock # 8.000 CPUs utilized
437,563 context-switches # 130.944 /sec
585 cpu-migrations # 0.175 /sec
879 page-faults # 0.263 /sec
11,541,113,133 cycles # 0.003 GHz
22,766,787,829 instructions # 1.97 insn per cycle
<not supported> branches
<not supported> branch-misses
417.690667805 seconds time elapsed
无法简单的 enable kdump
🤒 sudo systemctl status kdump.service
[sudo] password for martins3:
× kdump.service - Crash recovery kernel arming
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kdump.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
└─10-timeout-abort.conf
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 1970-01-01 08:00:31 CST; 54 years 8 months ago
Process: 1463 ExecStart=/usr/bin/kdumpctl start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 1463 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
CPU: 196ms
🧀 sudo systemctl status kdump.service
[sudo] password for martins3:
× kdump.service - Crash recovery kernel arming
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kdump.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/service.d
└─10-timeout-abort.conf
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2024-05-27 01:55:56 EDT; 50s ago
Process: 1466 ExecStart=/usr/bin/kdumpctl start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 1466 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
CPU: 155ms
May 27 01:55:56 bogon systemd[1]: Starting kdump.service - Crash recovery kernel arming...
May 27 01:55:56 bogon kdumpctl[1479]: kdump: No kdump initial ramdisk found.
May 27 01:55:56 bogon kdumpctl[1479]: kdump: Rebuilding /boot/initramfs-6.8.9-405.asahi.fc40.aarch64+16kkdump.img
May 27 01:55:56 bogon kdumpctl[1479]: kdump: mkdumprd: failed to make kdump initrd
May 27 01:55:56 bogon kdumpctl[1479]: kdump: Starting kdump: [FAILED]
May 27 01:55:56 bogon systemd[1]: kdump.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
May 27 01:55:56 bogon systemd[1]: kdump.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
May 27 01:55:56 bogon systemd[1]: Failed to start kdump.service - Crash recovery kernel arming.
2026-06-15 可以了，但是无法正常的生成
nvme over tcp
🧀 sudo nvme discover -t tcp -a 10.0.0.2 -s 4420
No transport address for 'apple-nvme'
failed to lookup ctrl
Failed to open /dev/nvme-fabrics: No such file or directory
option "transport" ignored
option "traddr" ignored
option "host_traddr" ignored
option "host_iface" ignored
option "trsvcid" ignored
option "hostnqn" ignored
option "hostid" ignored
Failed to open /dev/nvme-fabrics: No such file or directory
failed to add controller, error failed to open nvme-fabrics device
有趣的发现
64kB hugepages
➜ lib64 git:(main) ✗ ls /sys/devices/system/node/node0/hugepages/
hugepages-1048576kB hugepages-2048kB hugepages-32768kB hugepages-64kB
2026-06-15 6.19.14-400.asahi.fc42.aarch64+16k 中发现已经不存在了
🤒 ls /sys/devices/system/node/node0/hugepages/
hugepages-2048kB hugepages-1048576kB
网卡是接到 usb 上的
@[
apple_dart_map_pages+0
iommu_map+80
__iommu_dma_map+164
iommu_dma_map_page+336
dma_map_page_attrs+84
usb_hcd_map_urb_for_dma+832
xhci_map_urb_for_dma+368
usb_hcd_submit_urb+156
usb_submit_urb+452
rx_submit+328
rx_complete+736
__usb_hcd_giveback_urb+164
usb_giveback_urb_bh+208
tasklet_action_common.isra.0+236
tasklet_action+48
__do_softirq+304
____do_softirq+24
call_on_irq_stack+36
do_softirq_own_stack+36
__irq_exit_rcu+256
irq_exit_rcu+24
el1_interrupt+56
el1h_64_irq_handler+24
el1h_64_irq+104
cpuidle_enter_state+260
cpuidle_enter+64
cpuidle_idle_call+300
do_idle+168
cpu_startup_entry+64
secondary_start_kernel+224
__secondary_switched+184
]: 12214
@[
apple_dart_map_pages+0
iommu_map+80
__iommu_dma_map+164
iommu_dma_map_page+336
dma_map_page_attrs+84
brcmf_msgbuf_alloc_pktid+144
brcmf_msgbuf_txflow+236
brcmf_msgbuf_txflow_worker+76
process_one_work+368
worker_thread+684
kthread+244
ret_from_fork+16
]: 53723
网卡经过了 usb ?
中断控制器都不是 GIC
🧀 cat /proc/interrupts
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 CPU4 CPU5 CPU6 CPU7
33: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KVM 0 Level kvm guest ptimer
34: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 KVM 1 Level kvm guest vtimer
35: 7755597 9655642 8566153 7032013 14442467 14024790 24046855 22478076 AIC-FIQ 0 Level arch_timer
37: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66248 Level 206408000.mbox-recv
38: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66245 Level 206408000.mbox-send
39: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66074 Level 231c08000.mbox-recv
40: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66071 Level 231c08000.mbox-send
41: 3111 1683 954 813 62373 15332 3660 2035 AIC2 66038 Level 23e408000.mbox-recv
42: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66035 Level 23e408000.mbox-send
43: 14 3 2 4 1 0 2 3 AIC2 66403 Level 24e408000.mbox-recv
44: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66400 Level 24e408000.mbox-send
45: 0 1 0 0 3 2 14 12 AIC2 66256 Level 277408000.mbox-recv
46: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66253 Level 277408000.mbox-send
49: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC-FIQ 4 Level arm-pmu
50: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC-FIQ 5 Level arm-pmu
51: 157167 63352 32229 18788 54949 26252 25984 21969 AIC2 66260 Level nvme-apple
52: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66089 Level apple-dart fault handler, apple-dart fault handler
53: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66305 Level apple-dart fault handler
54: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66384 Level apple-dart fault handler
55: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66571 Level apple-dart fault handler, apple-dart fault handler
56: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66652 Level apple-dart fault handler, apple-dart fault handler
57: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66318 Level apple-dart fault handler
73: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66301 Level pasemi_apple_i2c
74: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66285 Level 235104000.spi
75: 32 8 10 7 21 11 11 22 AIC2 66297 Level pasemi_apple_i2c
76: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66298 Level pasemi_apple_i2c
77: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66299 Level pasemi_apple_i2c
78: 65 31 8 4 4 6 4 6 AIC2 66300 Level pasemi_apple_i2c
93: 6 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 Apple-GPIO 8 Level 1-0038, 1-003f
94: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 dockchannel-irqc 2 Edge apple-dockchannel-tx
95: 2912 890 785 822 6962 2533 3463 412 dockchannel-irqc 3 Edge apple-dockchannel-rx
97: 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 PCIe 12 Edge Link up
98: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PCIe 14 Edge Link down
100: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PCIe MSI 0 Edge PCIe PME, aerdrv
101: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AIC2 66296 Level 238200000.dma-controller
102: 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Apple-GPIO 149 Level cs42l84
104: 39 7 52 6 25 18 43 28 PCIe MSI 526336 Edge bcm4377
105: 69224 34563 14650 11604 373757 124035 78794 60963 PCIe MSI 524288 Edge brcmf_pcie_intr
IPI0: 106088 116924 126718 117934 404619 382391 310192 242062 Rescheduling interrupts
IPI1: 6531937 5465585 4908987 4327894 3303307 3866256 3334291 2757015 Function call interrupts
IPI2: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CPU stop interrupts
IPI3: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CPU stop (for crash dump) interrupts
IPI4: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Timer broadcast interrupts
IPI5: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IRQ work interrupts
IPI6: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CPU wake-up interrupts
Err: 0
这里有几个中断都有点不认识。
查看电池的剩余量
cat /sys/class/power_supply/macsmc-battery/capacity
插上电源自动存在如下日志
[73159.893185] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Port 1 state change (charge port: 1)
[73159.903961] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Charging: 0
[73159.909902] macsmc-rtkit 23e400000.smc: RTKit: syslog message: aceElec.cpp:703: Elec: Elec Cause 0x20
[73195.335580] macsmc-rtkit 23e400000.smc: RTKit: syslog message: aceElec.cpp:703: Elec: Elec Cause 0x0
[73195.418983] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Port 1 state change (charge port: 1)
[73195.419623] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Port 1 state change (charge port: 1)
[73195.419689] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Charging: 1
[73195.423993] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Port 1 state change (charge port: 1)
[73195.430754] macsmc-rtkit 23e400000.smc: RTKit: syslog message: aceElec.cpp:703: Elec: Elec Cause 0x0
[73195.435352] macsmc-rtkit 23e400000.smc: RTKit: syslog message: aceElec.cpp:703: Elec: Elec Cause 0x0
[73195.445602] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Charging: 0
[73195.822306] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Port 1 state change (charge port: 1)
[73195.822369] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Charging: 1
[73195.825019] macsmc-power macsmc-power: Port 1 state change (charge port: 1)
[73195.833547] macsmc-rtkit 23e400000.smc: RTKit: syslog message: aceElec.cpp:703: Elec: Elec Cause 0x8000
iommu
记录在 docs/hw/3-asahi.txt 中
性能
从 0 开始构建内核需要时间大约 4m50s
这是第一次构建内核，后面都是有 ccache ，
四舍五入和 96 core 的 kunpeng 机器都差不多了。
链接
- https://daynix.github.io/2023/06/03/developing-qemu-on-asahi-linux-linux-port-for-apple-silicon.html
- http://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/will/docs/qemu/qemu-arm64-howto.html
- https://futurewei-cloud.github.io/ARM-Datacenter/qemu/how-to-launch-aarch64-vm/
-
https://asahilinux.org/2022/12/gpu-drivers-now-in-asahi-linux/
- asahi linux built from source
- https://codentium.com/building-the-linux-asahi-kernel/
-
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40585842 : Vulkan1.3 on the M1 in one month
-
https://www.reddit.com/r/AsahiLinux/comments/1dzwkn8/no_official_news_in_6_months/ 想不到 asahi linux 只有 5 个人
-
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40350408 : 2024/5 还是没有我的心中的神机出现
-
https://github.com/AsahiLinux/linux 内核源码
- https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41799068 : AAA Gaming on Asahi Linux
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