ext4 基本使用
ext4 的参数
- Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst
- https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/ext4.html
https://github.com/tytso/e2fsprogs
这个项目是 e2fsprogs，Linux 上管理 ext2/ext3/ext4 文件系统的核心工具集。
主要包含这些常用工具：
- mke2fs / mkfs.ext4 — 创建 ext 文件系统
- e2fsck / fsck.ext4 — 检查并修复文件系统错误
- tune2fs — 调整文件系统参数（如 label、UUID、日志模式等）
- resize2fs — 在线或离线调整文件系统大小
- debugfs — 文件系统调试器，可手动查看/修改 ext 元数据
- dumpe2fs — 显示文件系统的超级块、块组等信息
- badblocks — 扫描磁盘坏块
- chattr / lsattr — 修改/查看 ext 文件属性
- e2image — 备份/恢复文件系统元数据
此外还包含底层库 libext2fs、UUID 库 libuuid、块 ID 库 libblkid 等，是很多分区、挂载、文件系统管理工具依赖的基础组件。简单说，Linux 上只要用到 ext4，基本都离不开这个包。
fuse2fs
dumpe2fs
🧀 sudo dumpe2fs -h /dev/mapper/openeuler-home
dumpe2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem volume name: <none>
Last mounted on: /home
Filesystem UUID: 8f296976-c0a9-4d9b-9bcf-87adbf31702c
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file dir_nlink extra_isize metadata_csum
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 7905280
Block count: 31596544
Reserved block count: 1579827
Overhead clusters: 642697
Free blocks: 25268284
Free inodes: 7841947
First block: 0
Block size: 4096
Fragment size: 4096
Group descriptor size: 64
Reserved GDT blocks: 1024
Blocks per group: 32768
Fragments per group: 32768
Inodes per group: 8192
Inode blocks per group: 512
Flex block group size: 16
Filesystem created: Fri Jan 10 12:57:09 2025
Last mount time: Thu Jan 1 08:00:10 1970
Last write time: Thu Jan 1 08:00:10 1970
Mount count: 328
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Fri Jan 10 12:57:09 2025
Check interval: 0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes: 5662 GB
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 256
Required extra isize: 32
Desired extra isize: 32
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: half_md4
Directory Hash Seed: a29de8e6-8986-4228-bb69-fdf86e8be41e
Journal backup: inode blocks
Checksum type: crc32c
Checksum: 0x904b214f
Journal features: journal_incompat_revoke journal_64bit journal_checksum_v3
Total journal size: 512M
Total journal blocks: 131072
Max transaction length: 131072
Fast commit length: 0
Journal sequence: 0x00005dd9
Journal start: 119226
Journal checksum type: crc32c
Journal checksum: 0x02a3fad1
类似的: sudo tune2fs -l /dev/mapper/openeuler-home
工具 debugfs
debugfs 是 ext4 的调试工具 https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/debugfs.8.html
sysfs 和 procfs 接口
- /proc/fs/ext4/vda1
es_shrinker_info fc_info mb_groups mb_stats mb_structs_summary options - /sys/fs/ext4
具体说明参考 Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst
[root@debug-ext4 14:26:19 features]$ ls
batched_discard fast_commit lazy_itable_init meta_bg_resize metadata_csum_seed
delayed_allocation_blocks inode_goal max_writeback_mb_bump msg_count
errors_count inode_readahead_blks mb_best_avail_max_trim_order msg_ratelimit_burst
err_ratelimit_burst journal_task mb_group_prealloc msg_ratelimit_interval_ms
err_ratelimit_interval_ms last_error_block mb_max_linear_groups reserved_clusters
extent_max_zeroout_kb last_error_errcode mb_max_to_scan session_write_kbytes
first_error_block last_error_func mb_min_to_scan sra_exceeded_retry_limit
first_error_errcode last_error_ino mb_order2_req trigger_fs_error
first_error_func last_error_line mb_prefetch warning_count
first_error_ino last_error_time mb_prefetch_limit warning_ratelimit_burst
first_error_line last_trim_minblks mb_stats warning_ratelimit_interval_ms
first_error_time lifetime_write_kbytes mb_stream_req
这里含义，就没必要一个一个的看了，看名称大致就知道了。
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